| Crop cycle | Tree, planted in densities of 300 to 500 trees/ha in intensive olive groves and 1500 to 2500 trees/ha in extremely intensive olive groves. Productivity of 2 to 6 t/ha, according to soil and climatic conditions, crop techniques and end purpose of the product (oil or table olive). | |
| Root system | The olive tree’s root system depends on the source of the tree and on the soil conditions. If the tree originated from a seed, then a main root is formed, which dominates the whole root system during the first few years without any significant lateral roots being formed. If the tree originated from a cutting taking root (most trees), then multiple adventitious roots form in the basal area. All these behave like multiple main roots. The depth and lateral span of the root system and the amount of branching depends on the type and depth of the soil as well as how well aired it is and its water retention ability. |
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| Temperatures and Climate | Typical crop of Mediterranean climates. Mild winters and long summers, without excessive heat, are recommended for this crop. However it does need the winter cold to bear fruit. In mild winters with little rainfall, flowering and therefore fruit bearing are reduced; Temperatures between 20 and 30ºC induce greater vegetative activity. |
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| Soils | Medium textures, that are able to retain water well and at the same time are well aerated, are the most apt for this crop. Light textures are adequate when irrigating. |
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Extractions |
N: 15-20; P2O5: 4-8; K2O: 18-25; CaO: 5-7; MgO: 0,5-3,5; SO3: 0,5-1; B: 0,01; Cu: 0,005; Fe: 0,01-0,04; Mn: 0,002-0,005; | |
| Most important secondary nutrients and micronutrients | Magnesium, Boron and Iron. | |
| Fertilisation at planting |
The lower the soil fertility, the greater the requirement for fertilisation. Nitrogen - 0 kg/ha. Example: AMICOTE CV 44 (0-20-17) - 800 to 1700 kg/ha. To stimulate root growth: TECNIFOL ENRAIZANTE - 5 to 15 ml/plant in a single application at the same time as watering. |
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| Annual development fertilising until it begins producing |
Correctly fertilised plants at planting. Otherwise apply ternary fertilisers. Nitrogen - 20 to 60 kg/ha (lower doses in the first years). Example: NERGETIC 30 ZIMACTIV - 50 to 200 kg/ha. TECNIFOL ENRAIZANTE - 20 a 30 ml/plant (during summer, in a single application, at the same time as watering). |
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| Annual maintenance fertilisation Anticipated production of 2-6 t/ha |
The lower the soil fertility, the greater the requirement for fertilisation. Nitrogen - 40 to 100 kg/ha. Example 1: AMICOTE CV 39 (8-12-12) + micros - 500 to 700 kg/ha. |
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| Fertigation Anticipated production of 2-6 t/ha |
The lower the soil fertility, the greater the requirement for fertilisation. Spread the specified weekly doses across several waterings, so as to not dissolve more than 2 g of fertiliser per litre of irrigation water. Until flowering - 20 kg/ha of Nitrogen, 40 kg/ha of Phosphorus, 10 kg/ha of Potassium. After fruit setting until the end of June - 30 kg/ha of Nitrogen, 15 kg/ha of Phosphorus, 15 kg/ha of Potassium From July to August - 10 kg/ha of Nitrogen, 10 kg/ha of Phosphorus, 30 kg/ha of Potassium. From September to October - 5 kg/ha of Nitrogen, 5 kg/ha of Phosphorus, 15 kg/ha of Potassium. |
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| Foliar fertilisation |
PROFERTIL - 5 to 6 l/ha, in 3 applications: at the beginning of flowering, after fruit setting, and 10 to 14 days after. TECNIFOL 12-4-4 - 20 to 30 ml/tree until flowering begins, TECNIFOL OLIVAL - 20 to 30 ml/tree from April to October (after fruit setting). |
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| Notes |
Nitrogen determines the vigour of the olive tree and production by stimulating vegetative development. It improves the quality and level of protein, increasing leaf and fruit production. A nitrogen deficiency can cause leaves to be light green, small and prone to early falling, slow growth, and it can even affect annual new shoots. Phosphorus is essential for several determining compounds in the plant’s metabolism. It stimulates root development, causing them to be more efficient at absorbing nutrients and water from the soil. It favours and stimulates floral differentiation. Potassium has a very positive effect on the quality of olives by acting on the metabolism of carbohydrates and protein synthesis. It leads to improvements in quality and preservation of the product. A magnesium deficiency can be caused by extremely high levels of potassium in the soil or by excessive potassium fertilisations, and translates into generalised chlorosis between the veins. Magnesium plays an important role in photosynthesis, boosting the synthesis of sugars, proteins and vitamins. Boro is important for cell growth, and it favours pollination and flower setting. |
Recommended fertiliser units expressed in: Nitrogen – N; Phosphorus – P2O5; Potassium – K2O.
The recommended doses are for the referenced crops, and they should always be adjusted to take into account analyses carried out on the soil, crop varieties and local experience of using fertilisers.
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